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From above, Arctic ice looks quite different in summer than it does in winter. A sheen of white covers most surfaces in winter due to snowfall and frigid weather. As temperatures rise in the summer, turquoise splotches of color begin to speckle the ice surfaces. The splashes of blue are melt ponds, areas where snow has melted and pooled in low spots on glaciers and sea ice. A digital camera on NASA’s ER-2 airplane captured this top-down view of a melt pond atop a glacier in southeastern Alaska on July 16, 2014. Chunks of ice float on the pond’s turquoise water. When it took this photograph, the ER-2 was flying at 64,000 feet (20,000 meters), about twice as high as a commercial jet. In addition to the camera, the ER-2 was carrying the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL). MABEL is a laser altimeter designed to measure the elevation of glaciers, mountains, forests, and other landforms below. Scientists are using MABEL’s measurements to design algorithms for the upcoming Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) mission. MABEL is similar to an instrument that will fly on ICESat-2, and scientists can use its measurements now to better understand how the instrument works and what the data will look like when they start making measurements from space. The 2014 MABEL campaign was launched, in part, to study melt ponds and other features of summer ice. Engineers added a new camera system that made it possible to match the MABEL measurements with a photographic glimpse of the ground. The digital camera took a picture every 3 seconds, with each frame capturing an area about 2.5 by 1.5 kilometers (1.6 by 0.9 miles). Credit: NASA/MABEL team; -
Hubble Eyes Galaxy as it Gets a Cosmic Hair Ruffling From objects as small as Newton's apple to those as large as a galaxy, no physical body is free from the stern bonds of gravity, as evidenced in this stunning picture captured by the Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys onboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Here we see two spiral galaxies engaged in a cosmic tug-of-war — but in this contest, there will be no winner. The structures of both objects are slowly distorted to resemble new forms, and in some cases, merge together to form new, super galaxies. This particular fate is similar to that of the Milky Way Galaxy, when it will ultimately merge with our closest galactic partner, the Andromeda Galaxy. There is no need to panic however, as this process takes several hundreds of millions of years. Not all interacting galaxies result in mergers though. The merger is dependent on the mass of each galaxy, as well as the relative velocities of each body. It is quite possible that the event pictured here, romantically named 2MASX J06094582-2140234, will avoid a merger event altogether, and will merely distort the arms of each spiral without colliding — the cosmic equivalent of a hair ruffling! These galactic interactions also trigger new regions of star formation in the galaxies involved, causing them to be extremely luminous in the infrared part of the spectrum. For this reason, these types of galaxies are referred to as LIRGs, or Luminous Infrared Galaxies. This image was taken as part of as part of a Hubble survey of the central regions of LIRGs in the local Universe, which also used the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) instrument. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, Acknowledgement: Luca Limatola #nasa #hubble #universe #galaxy #galaxies #space; -
Iberian Peninsula at Night One of the International Space Station crew members recorded this early evening photo of the entire Iberian Peninsula (Spain, and Portugal) on July 26, 2014. Part of France can be seen at the top of the image and the Strait of Gibraltar is visible at bottom, with a very small portion of Morocco visible near the lower right corner. Image Credit: NASA #nasa #space #iss #exp40 #spain #portugal #spacestation #morocco #france #gibraltar; -
Our Research Shows Giant Asteroids Battered Early Earth: More than four billion years ago the surface of Earth was heavily reprocessed - or melted, mixed, and buried - as a result of giant asteroid impacts. A new terrestrial bombardment model, calibrated using existing lunar and terrestrial data, sheds light on the role asteroid collisions played in the evolution of the uppermost layers of the early Earth during the geologic eon called the "Hadean" (approximately 4 to 4.5 billion years ago). An artistic conception of the early Earth, showing a surface pummeled by large impact, resulting in extrusion of deep seated magma onto the surface. At the same time, distal portion of the surface could have retained liquid water. Image Credit: Simone Marchi #nasa #asteroid #earth #science; -
First Image of the Moon Taken by a U.S. Spacecraft: Ranger 7 took this image, the first picture of the moon by a U.S. spacecraft, on July 31, 1964 at 13:09 UT (9:09 AM EDT), about 17 minutes before impacting the lunar surface. The Ranger series of spacecraft were designed solely to take high-quality pictures of the moon and transmit them back to Earth in real time. The images were to be used for scientific study, as well as selecting landing sites for the Apollo moon missions. Ranger 7 was the first of the Ranger series to be entirely successful. It transmitted 4,308 high-quality images over the last 17 minutes of flight, the final image having a resolution of 0.5 meter/pixel. Ranger 7 was launched July 28, 1964 and arrived at the moon on July 31, 1964. Image Credit: NASA #space #nasa #moon #otd #onthisday #throwbackthursday #tbt #ranger7 #science;
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We selected proposals for two new instruments that will observe changes in global vegetation from the International Space Station. The sensors will give scientists new ways to see how forests and ecosystems are affected by changes in climate or land use change. This image of the Amazon rainforest is from a 2010 global map of the height of the world’s forests based on multiple satellite datasets. Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory #nasa #space #spacestation #earth #earthrightnow #iss #science; -
Liftoff! The European Space Agency’s (ESA) fifth and final Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-5) launched Tuesday atop an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou, French Guiana, at 7:47 p.m. EDT. The ATV-5 will take a two week trip to the International Space Station docking to the Zvezda service module on Aug. 12 at 9:43 a.m. with 7 tons of science, food, fuel and supplies. En route to the station, the Georges Lemaitre will pass 3.9 miles beneath the space station Aug. 8 so European flight controllers can test new rendezvous sensors. Engineers may use the new sensors in the design and manufacture of future European spacecraft. After the “fly-under”, the ATV-5 will pass in front, above and behind the station for the final four days of its rendezvous with Zvezda. Credit: ESA–S. Corvaja, 2014 #esa #atv #ariane5 #iss #spacestation #exp40 #nasa; -
Go get your 3-D glasses, you know, the blue-red ones with the red lens on the left. This stereo view from our Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity will appear three-dimensional. The view combines several images taken by Opportunity's Pancam and was obtained on the rover's 3,644th Martian day (sol) of exploration (April 24, 2014). Part of the rover is visible at bottom, including its rear solar arrays and low-gain antenna - the antenna appears incomplete here due to combining images with different camera pointings. Each day's drive by Opportunity sets a new record for longest travel on wheels on a world other than Earth. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell/Arizona State Univ. #nasa #mars #marsrovers #science #3d; -
Geysers on icy Saturn moon! Scientists using mission data from our Cassini spacecraft have identified 101 distinct geysers erupting on Saturn's icy moon Enceladus, suggesting it is possible for liquid water to reach moon's surface from its underground sea. This view looks across the geyser basin of Saturn's moon Enceladus, along fractures spewing water vapor and ice particles into space. Image Credit: NASA #saturn #nasa #enceladus #science #moon #space #cassini; -
Caught between the sun and our Solar Dynamics Observatory... the moon. The phenomenon, called a lunar transit, was observed on July 26, 2014, from 10:57 a.m. to 11:42 a.m. EDT. This happens approximately twice a year, causing a partial solar eclipse that can only be seen from SDO's point of view. Images of the eclipse show a crisp lunar horizon, because the moon has no atmosphere that would distort light. Image Credit: NASA #space #nasa #sun #sdo #science #moon;
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Space View of Glacial Lakes of Patagonia: One of the Expedition 40 crew members aboard the International Space Station on June 1 photographed a series of images of the glacial lakes of Patagonia, a region located at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile. Photo credit: NASA #nasa #space #spacestation #earth #ice #iss #exp40; -
Hubble Serves a Slice of Stars The thin, glowing streak slicing across this image cuts a lonely figure, with only a few foreground stars and galaxies in the distant background for company. However, this is all a case of perspective; lying out of frame is another nearby spiral. Together, these two galaxies make up a pair, moving through space together and keeping one another company. The subject of this Hubble image is called NGC 3501, with NGC 3507 as its out-of-frame companion. The two galaxies look very different — another example of the importance of perspective. NGC 3501 appears edge-on, giving it an elongated and very narrow appearance. Its partner, however, looks very different indeed, appearing face-on and giving us a fantastic view of its barred swirling arms. While similar arms may not be visible in this image of NGC 3501, this galaxy is also a spiral — although it is somewhat different from its companion. While NGC 3507 has bars cutting through its center, NGC 3501 does not. Instead, it's loosely wound spiral arms all originate from its center. The bright gas and stars that make up these arms can be seen here glowing brightly, mottled by the dark dust lanes that trace across the galaxy. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA #nasa #hubble #hst #space #sprialgalaxy #galaxy #galaxies #universe; -
Yesterday, astronaut Reid Wiseman shared this image of Earth showing Italy at night from the International Space Station tweeting "I looked on in awe and was rendered speechless by so much beauty." The Expedition 40 crew has been hard at work 260 miles above us in the floating laboratory. They set a new record for #ISS research completed in a week -- 82 hours -- this past week. Image credit: NASA #nasa #italy #earth #spacestation #exp40 #iss; -
Peering through the layers: This collage of images shows an active region on the Sun taken at almost the same time in extreme ultraviolet light by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory on July 24, 2014 at about 17:56 UTC. The layers are arranged clockwise from the upper left by temperature of plasma being imaged. This arrangement also correlates with the distance above the Sun's surface, going from lowest to highest. Different features of the active region appear quite differently in the four images: each one helps to provide scientists with more information about the Sun's processes. Image Credit: NASA/Solar Dynamics Observatory #nasa #sdo #space #sun #sunshine #ultraviolet #uvlight #uv; -
The six-person Expedition 40 crew wrapped up a productive week of cargo vehicle traffic and science aboard the International Space Station with more medical studies, physics and robotics on Friday. Meanwhile, preparations continue for the launch of another station resupply vehicle next week. Seen here is one of the more spectacular scenes of the Aurora Borealis that was photographed by one of the space station crew members aboard the International Space Station from an altitude of approximately 223 nautical miles. Image Credit: NASA #nasa #space #iss #exp40 #aurora #astronautpictures #astropics #astropix;
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