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Surrounding the sun is a vast atmosphere of solar particles, through which magnetic fields swarm, solar flares erupt, and gigantic columns of material rise, fall and jostle each other around. Now, using our Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, scientists have found that this atmosphere, called the corona, is even larger than thought, extending out some 5 million miles above the sun's surface -- the equivalent of 12 solar radii. This information has implications for our upcoming Solar Probe Plus mission, due to launch in 2018 and go closer to the sun than any man-made technology ever has before. This image is an observation of the outer limits of the sun's atmosphere (the bright light of the sun itself is blocked by the black circle at the middle) from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory on Aug. 5, 2007. Image Credit: NASA/STEREO #nasa #sun #stereo #science; -
A mysterious X-ray signal has been found in a detailed study of galaxy clusters using our Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA's XMM-Newton. One intriguing possibility is that the X-rays are produced by the decay of sterile neutrinos, a type of particle that has been proposed as a candidate for dark matter. This composite image of the Perseus Cluster combines data equivalent to more than 17 days of observation time over a decade. The Perseus Cluster is one of the most massive objects in the Universe, and contains thousands of galaxies immersed in an enormous cloud of superheated gas. Image Credit: X-ray: NASA, CXC, SAO, E.Bulbul, et al. #nasa #astronomy #space #chandra #xray #galaxies #darkmatter #science; -
Orion's Belt Rises Through the Atmosphere: On June 23, 2014, Expedition 40 Flight Engineer Reid Wiseman captured this image which connects Earth to the International Space Station and to the stars. Among the "stellar" scene is part of the constellation Orion, near the center of the frame. The U.S. laboratory or Destiny is seen in the upper right. Wiseman's tweeted the image and wrote, "One of my favorites – Orion’s belt rises through the atmosphere." Image Credit: NASA #nasa #spacestation #iss #orion #earth #space #astronauts #exp40; -
Titan's Building Blocks Might Pre-date Saturn: A new study has found firm evidence that nitrogen in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan originated in conditions similar to the cold birthplace of the most ancient comets from the Oort cloud. This artist's concept depicts a fledgling solar system with a dusty pre-planetary disk circling the stellar embryo (doughnut-shaped cloud). Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech; -
A selfie on Mars! Our Curiosity Mars rover used the camera at the end of its arm in April and May 2014 to take dozens of component images combined into this self-portrait where the rover drilled into a sandstone target called "Windjana." Winjana is within a science waypoint site called "The Kimberley," where sandstone layers with different degrees of resistance to wind erosion are exposed close together. The view does not include the rover's arm. It does include the hole in Windjana produced by the hammering drill on Curiosity's arm collecting a sample of rock powder from the interior of the rock. The hole is surrounded by grayish cuttings on top of the rock ledge to the left of the rover. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS #nasa #space #mars #curiosity #msl #planets #science #selfie;
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Here comes the sun! The sun, peeking through the thin line of Earth's atmosphere, is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 40 crew member on the International Space Station. Crew members onboard the space station see, on average, sixteen sunrises and sunsets during a 24-hour orbital period. Image Credit: NASA #nasa #space #spacestation #iss #exp40; -
June 19 marks the 15th anniversary of the launch of NASA's QuikScat, a satellite sent for a three-year mission in 1999 that continues collecting data. Built in less than 12 months, QuikScat has watched ocean wind patterns for 15 years and improved weather forecasting worldwide. Despite a partial instrument failure in 2009, it provides calibration data to international partners. This false-color image is based entirely on SeaWinds measurements from QuikScat obtained over oceans, land, and polar regions. Over the ocean, colors indicate wind speed with orange as the fastest wind speeds and blue as the slowest. White streamlines indicate the wind direction. The ocean winds in this image were measured by SeaWinds on September 20, 1999. The large storm in the Atlantic off the coast of Florida is Hurricane Gert. Tropical storm Harvey is evident as a high wind region in the Gulf of Mexico, while farther west in the Pacific is tropical storm Hilary. An extensive storm is also present in the South Atlantic Ocean near Antarctica. The land image was made from four days of SeaWinds data with the aid of a resolution enhancement algorithm developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University. The lightest green areas correspond to the highest radar backscatter. Note the bright Amazon and Congo rainforests compared to the dark Sahara desert. The Amazon River is visible as a dark line running horizontally though the bright South American rain forest. Cities appear as bright spots on the images, especially in the U.S. and Europe. The image of Greenland and the north polar ice cap was generated from data acquired by SeaWinds on a single day. In the polar region portion of the image, white corresponds to the largest radar return, while purple is the lowest. The variations in color in Greenland and the polar ice cap reveal information about the ice and snow conditions present. Image Credit: NASA/JPL #nasa #space #quikscat #seawinds #earth #earthscience #ocean #oceandata; -
Wind Tunnel Testing: An aerodynamics team tested a model of the 70-metric-ton Space Launch System (SLS) - our heavy-lift launch vehicle that will carry crew, cargo and science missions into deep space. The model was tested at NASA’s Langley Research Center's Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT) where engineers measured static aerodynamic forces and moments exerted on the SLS vehicle. Wind tunnel testing will help engineers at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama fine tune the performance of the vehicle to better understand how it will fly on the Exploration Mission – 1, which will launch an uncrewed Orion spacecraft beyond low-Earth orbit to test the performance of the integrated system. Image Credit: NASA/David C. Bowman #nasa #sls #orion #larc #msfc #test; -
Sunlight glistens off our home planet: A blue and white part of Earth was photographed by Expedition 40 crew member Reid Wiseman on June 19 aboard the International Space Station. Reid tweeted this image and wrote, "I will never tire of this view." Image Credit: NASA #iss #nasa #exp40 #spacestation #space #earth; -
Dwarf Galaxy Shaped by a Grand Design: The term "dwarf galaxy" may sound diminutive, but don't let that fool you - NGC 5474 contains several billion stars! However, when compared to the Milky Way with its hundreds of billions of stars, NGC 5474 does indeed seem relatively small. The galaxy is located 21 million light-years away in the constellation of Ursa Major (The Great Bear). NGC 5474 itself is part of the Messier 101 Group. The brightest galaxy within this group is the well-known spiral Pinwheel Galaxy (also known as Messier 101). This galaxy's prominent, well-defined arms classify it as a "grand design galaxy," along with other spirals Messier 81 and Messier 74. Also within this group are Messier 101's galactic neighbors. It is possible that gravitational interactions with these companion galaxies have had some influence on providing Messier 101 with its striking shape. Similar interactions with Messier 101 may have caused the distortions visible in NGC 5474. Credit: ESA/NASA #hst #hubble #nasa #space #galaxy #astronomy #science;
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Bloom Off the Coast of Iceland: A spring bloom of phytoplankton lingered in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Iceland in early June 2014. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard our Aqua satellite captured this true-color image on June 5. At that time, swirling jewel tones of a vast bloom were visible between banks of white clouds. Phytoplankton blooms around Iceland usually occur in early spring and fall. The spring bloom is driven by longer daylight and the warming of surface layers. Image Credit: NASA/Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC #iceland #nasa #atlantic #satellite #clouds #earthrightnow #science; -
Storm Cell Over the Southern Appalachian Mountains: This storm cell photo was taken from our high-altitude ER-2 aircraft on May 23, 2014, during a study aimed at gaining a better understanding of precipitation over mountainous terrain. The Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment, or IPHEx, field campaign is part of the ground validation effort for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, an international satellite mission led by NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. For the six-week IPHEx field campaign over the southern Appalachian mountains, the NASA team and their partners at Duke University and NOAA's Hydrometeorological Test Bed set up ground stations with rain gauges and ground radar throughout western North Carolina. In addition to the ground sites, they also collected data sets from satellites and two aircraft. Image Credit: NASA / Stu Broce #earth #earthrightnow #nasa #mountains #gpm #rain #noaa #duke #jaxa #science; -
The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's "Operation Moonwatch" spawned a culture of amateur skywatchers in the 1950s. we have a history of engaging "citizen scientists" to stimulate public participation in observing phenomena, conducting scientific research or collecting data. In that spirit, on June 18, 2013, we announced the Asteroid Grand Challenge to find all asteroid threats to human population and know what to do about them. We're seeking new ways to get the global public involved in protecting the planet from asteroid threats. NASA's Near Earth Object Observation Program estimates that less than 10 percent of objects smaller than 300 meters in diameter and less than 1 percent of objects smaller than 100 meters in diameter have been discovered, and it will take a global effort with innovative solutions to accelerate the completion of the survey of potentially hazardous asteroids. Credit: NASA #tbt #321TechOff #nasa #throwbackthursday #asteroid #nasaasteroid #path2mars; -
They may be little, but they pack a big star-forming punch. New observations from our Hubble Space Telescope show small galaxies, also known as dwarf galaxies, are responsible for forming a large proportion of the universe's stars. Hiding among these thousands of galaxies are faint dwarf galaxies residing in the early universe, between 2 and 6 billion years after the big bang, an important time period when most of the stars in the universe were formed. Some of these galaxies are undergoing starbursts. Starburst galaxies form stars at a furiously fast rate, far above what is considered by experts to be a normal rate of star formation. Image Credit: NASA and ESA #nasa #hst #hubble #space #astronomy #galaxies #stars #bigbang #science; -
NASA engineers recently went on an auricle ride as a 5-percent scale model of the Space Launch System (SLS), including solid rocket motors, was fired -- giving an "earful" of information about how low- and high-frequency sound waves will affect the rocket on the launch pad. The data collected from the tests will be used to help direct and verify the design of the rocket's sound suppression system. When completed, SLS will be capable of taking a crew and cargo on deep space missions, including to an asteroid and eventually Mars. Video credit: NASA/MSFC/David Olive #nasa #sls #path2mars #pathtomars #space #rocket #engines;
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