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The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's "Operation Moonwatch" spawned a culture of amateur skywatchers in the 1950s. we have a history of engaging "citizen scientists" to stimulate public participation in observing phenomena, conducting scientific research or collecting data. In that spirit, on June 18, 2013, we announced the Asteroid Grand Challenge to find all asteroid threats to human population and know what to do about them. We're seeking new ways to get the global public involved in protecting the planet from asteroid threats. NASA's Near Earth Object Observation Program estimates that less than 10 percent of objects smaller than 300 meters in diameter and less than 1 percent of objects smaller than 100 meters in diameter have been discovered, and it will take a global effort with innovative solutions to accelerate the completion of the survey of potentially hazardous asteroids. Credit: NASA #tbt #321TechOff #nasa #throwbackthursday #asteroid #nasaasteroid #path2mars; -
They may be little, but they pack a big star-forming punch. New observations from our Hubble Space Telescope show small galaxies, also known as dwarf galaxies, are responsible for forming a large proportion of the universe's stars. Hiding among these thousands of galaxies are faint dwarf galaxies residing in the early universe, between 2 and 6 billion years after the big bang, an important time period when most of the stars in the universe were formed. Some of these galaxies are undergoing starbursts. Starburst galaxies form stars at a furiously fast rate, far above what is considered by experts to be a normal rate of star formation. Image Credit: NASA and ESA #nasa #hst #hubble #space #astronomy #galaxies #stars #bigbang #science; -
NASA engineers recently went on an auricle ride as a 5-percent scale model of the Space Launch System (SLS), including solid rocket motors, was fired -- giving an "earful" of information about how low- and high-frequency sound waves will affect the rocket on the launch pad. The data collected from the tests will be used to help direct and verify the design of the rocket's sound suppression system. When completed, SLS will be capable of taking a crew and cargo on deep space missions, including to an asteroid and eventually Mars. Video credit: NASA/MSFC/David Olive #nasa #sls #path2mars #pathtomars #space #rocket #engines; -
Happy fifth anniversary in space, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter! LRO has continued to shape our view of our nearest celestial neighbor. Its data has shown us the tracks and equipment left behind from the Apollo astronauts, created the most precise map of the lunar surface, discovered the coldest known temperatures in the solar system, mapped the distribution of hydrogen and possibly water mixed in the lunar soil, identified craters and many other exciting science discoveries. From the Moon as Art Campaign, the public was asked to select a favorite orbiter image of the moon and selected this image of Tycho Central Peak. The stunningly beautiful Tycho Central Peak rests inside an impact crater and has a boulder over 100 meters wide (about 328 feet) at its summit. It showcases a breathtaking view of the lunar landscape. Image Credit: NASA/Goddard/Arizona State University #nasa #lro #lunar #moon #space #anniversary #moonart #apollo #science #otd; -
Watching the game from 250 miles above the Earth: NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Steve Swanson and ESA astronaut Alexander Gerst take a break to watch ten minutes of live World Cup matches between science experiments while living and working aboard the International Space Station. The astronauts have trained for years to work together as a unified crew, but the U.S. astronauts and their German crewmate are feeling a little friendly competition: their home countries will play against each other for a chance to advance out of Group G of the World Cup matches. USA and Germany face off on June 26 at Arena Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil. Image Credit: NASA #worldcup #usa #usmnt #worldcup2014 #space #spacestation #nasa #astronauts #iss #science #esa;
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Spurting Plasma: A stream of plasma burst out from the sun, but since it lacked enough force to break away, most of it fell back into the sun (May 27, 2014). The video, seen in a combination of two wavelengths of extreme ultraviolet light, covers a little over two hours. This eruption was minor and such events occur almost every day on the sun and suggest the kind of dynamic activity being driven by powerful magnetic forces near the sun's surface. Image credit: NASA/Solar Dynamics Observatory #nasa #sun #solar #sdo #science; -
Cracks in Pluto's Moon Could Indicate it Once Had an Underground Ocean: If the icy surface of Pluto's giant moon Charon is cracked, analysis of the fractures could reveal if its interior was warm, perhaps warm enough to have maintained a subterranean ocean of liquid water, according to a new NASA-funded study. This artist concept shows Pluto and some of its moons, as viewed from the surface of one of the moons. Pluto is the large disk at center. Charon is the smaller disk to the right. Image Credit: NASA, ESA and G. Bacon (STScI) #nasa #space #pluto #charon #solarsystem #moon #ice #science; -
Our scientists have created a new recipe that captures key flavors of the brownish-orange atmosphere around Saturn’s largest moon, Titan. The recipe is used for lab experiments designed to simulate Titan’s chemistry. With this approach, the team was able to classify a previously unidentified material discovered by our Cassini spacecraft in the moon’s smoggy haze. Now we can say that this material has a strong aromatic character, which helps us understand more about the complex mixture of molecules that makes up Titan’s haze,” said Melissa Trainer, a planetary scientist at @NASAGoddard. This Cassini image from 2012 shows Titan and its parent planet Saturn. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSI #titan #saturn #cassini #nasa #planets #moon #solarsystem #space #science; -
In honor of World Cup 2014 in Brazil, we're presenting a graphic showing the relative size of the International Space Station compared to a soccer field, also known as a football field or football pitch. The station, including its large solar arrays, spans nearly the area of the entire field, and weighs 924,739 pounds. The complex now has more livable room than a conventional six-bedroom house, and has two bathrooms, a gymnasium and a 360-degree bay window. Image Credit: NASA #worldcup #worldcup2014 #soccer #stadium #brazuca #adidas #nasa #spacestation #iss; -
A crescent moon and Earth's horizon are featured in this nighttime image photographed by an Expedition 40 crew member on the International Space Station. Over the weekend, the station’s residents will have some free time to relax, speak with family members back on Earth and take care of weekly housekeeping chores. They’ll also have a chance to catch up on the action at the World Cup 2014 games in Brazil. Image credit: NASA #space #nasa #exp40 #iss @iss;
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Hubble Eyes Golden Rings of Star Formation Taking center stage in this new NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image is a galaxy known as NGC 3081, set against an assortment of glittering galaxies in the distance. Located in the constellation of Hydra (The Sea Serpent), NGC 3081 is located over 86 million light-years from us. It is known as a type II Seyfert galaxy, characterized by its dazzling nucleus. NGC 3081 is seen here nearly face-on. Compared to other spiral galaxies, it looks a little different. The galaxy's barred spiral center is surrounded by a bright loop known as a resonance ring. This ring is full of bright clusters and bursts of new star formation, and frames the supermassive black hole thought to be lurking within NGC 3081 — which glows brightly as it hungrily gobbles up in-falling material. These rings form in particular locations known as resonances, where gravitational effects throughout a galaxy cause gas to pile up and accumulate in certain positions. These can be caused by the presence of a "bar" within the galaxy, as with NGC 3081, or by interactions with other nearby objects. It is not unusual for rings like this to be seen in barred galaxies, as the bars are very effective at gathering gas into these resonance regions, causing pile-ups which lead to active and very well-organized star formation. Hubble snapped this magnificent face-on image of the galaxy using the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. This image is made up of a combination of ultraviolet, optical, and infrared observations, allowing distinctive features of the galaxy to be observed across a wide range of wavelengths. Image credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA; acknowledgement: R. Buta (University of Alabama) #hubble #nasa #space #universe #galaxy #galaxies; -
At the 2014 NASA Centennial Challenges Sample Return Robot Challenge at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in Worcester, Mass., 18 teams are competing for a $1.5 million NASA prize purse. Teams will be required to demonstrate autonomous robots that can locate and collect samples from a wide and varied terrain, operating without human control. The objective of this NASA-WPI Centennial Challenge is to encourage innovations in autonomous navigation and robotics technologies. Innovations stemming from the challenge may improve NASA's capability to explore a variety of destinations in space, as well as enhance the nation's robotic technology for use in industries and applications on Earth. Pictured here, the Retrievers team, a high school team from Schenectady, N.Y., positions their robot at the start of their attempt at the level one challenge. Weather permitting, level one of the Sample Return Robot challenge will take place tomorrow, Saturday, June 14 beginning at 8 a.m. EST. Photo Credit: NASA/Joel Kowsky #321techoff #SRRbot #NASAPrrize; -
The Herschel Space Observatory has uncovered a weird ring of dusty material while obtaining one of the sharpest scans to date of a huge cloud of gas and dust, called NGC 7538. The gigantic ring structure is situated at the center-top of this image. The odd ovoid possesses the mass of 500 suns, with its long axis spanning about 35 light-years and its short axis about 25 light-years. Astronomers often see ring and bubble-like structures in cosmic dust clouds. The strong winds cast out by the most massive stars, called O-type stars, can generate these expanding puffs, as can their explosive deaths as supernovas. But no energetic source or remnant of a deceased O-type star, such as a neutron star, is apparent within the center of the ring. It is possible that a big star blew the bubble and, because stars are all in motion, subsequently left the scene, escaping detection. Astronomers study stellar nurseries such as NGC 7538 to better learn how stars come into being. The Herschel observations have revealed numerous clumps of material in NGC 7538, a baker's dozen of which may evolve into O-type stars. Early in the star-formation process, these clumps remain quite cold, just a few tens of degrees above absolute zero. At these temperatures, the clumps emit the bulk of their radiation in the low-energy, submillimeter and infrared light that Herschel was specifically designed to detect. Finding the mysterious ring came as an unexpected bonus during the Herschel observing run. The blue and green colors in this image represent 70- and 160-micron data, respectively, from Herschel's Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) instrument. The red colors are 250-micron observations obtained from Herschel's Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) instrument. Image credit: ESA/NASA/JPL-Caltech/Whitman College #nasa #space #universe #herschel; -
Brazil's World Cup 2014 host cities are seen at night in this satellite image from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi NPP satellite, captured on August 4, 2013. Home to roughly 190 million people, Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest in the world by area (8.5 million square kilometers). As shown in the image above, Brazil stretches about 4,000 kilometers from north to south and from east to west. The coastal cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (below) are the centerpieces of the most densely populated part of the country. In 2014, twelve cities are hosting World Cup matches,including Brasilia, Belo Horizonte, Manaus, Fortaleza, Cuiaba, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Natal, Recife, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. The nighttime view was made possible by the VIIRS day-night band which detects light in a range of wavelengths from green to near-infrared, and uses light intensification to enable the detection of dim signals. The instrument can sense light 100,000 times fainter than the conventional visible light sensors, making it very sensitive to things like moonlight and city lights. Unlike a film camera that captures a photograph in one exposure, VIIRS produces an image by repeatedly scanning a scene and resolving it as millions of individual picture elements, or pixels. The day-night band goes a step further, determining on-the-fly whether to use its low, medium, or high-gain mode. If a pixel is very bright, a low-gain mode on the sensor prevents the pixel from over-saturating. If the pixel is dark, the signal will be amplified. Suomi NPP is the result of a partnership between NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Department of Defense. Image Credit: NASA/Suomi NPP/Earth Observatory #nasa #space @noaa #npp #suominpp; -
In honor of Julia Collins's historic 20-win run on #Jeopardy, winning more money than any other female who has appeared on the show, we're throwing back this Thursday to #AlexTrebek's 'clue' on NASA's investment in America's future. Video credit: NASA #tbt #321TechOff #nasa #space #investment #psa #alextrebek #throwbackthursday;
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