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On Feb. 19, 2014 the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite flew over the Great Lakes and captured this striking false-colored image of the heavily frozen Great Lakes – one of the hardest freeze-ups in four decades. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL), ice cover on North America’s Great Lakes peaked at 88.42% on Feb. 12-13 – a percentage not recorded since 1994. The ice extent has surpassed 80% just five times in four decades. The average maximum ice extent since 1973 is just over 50%. Unusually cold temperatures in the first two months of the year, especially in January, are responsible for the high ice coverage. Very cold air blowing over the surface of the water removes heat from the water at the surface. When the surface temperature drops to freezing, a thin layer of surface ice begins to form. Once ice formation begins, persistently cold temperatures, with or without wind, is the major factor in thickening ice. This false-color image uses a combination of shortwave infrared, near infrared and red (MODIS bands 7,2,1) to help distinguish ice from snow, water and clouds. Open, unfrozen water appears inky blue-black. Ice is pale blue, with thicker ice appearing brighter and thin, melting ice appearing a darker true-blue. Snow appears blue-green. Clouds are white to blue-green, with the colder or icy clouds appearing blue-green to blue. Image Credit: NASA/Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC #nasa #space #earth #modis #greatlakes #ice #snow #snowcover #irpix; -
First Moments of a Solar Flare in Different Wavelengths of Light - On Feb. 24, 2014, the sun emitted a significant solar flare, peaking at 7:49 p.m. EST. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which keeps a constant watch on the sun, captured images of the event. These SDO images from 7:25 p.m. EST on Feb. 24 show the first moments of this X-class flare in different wavelengths of light -- seen as the bright spot that appears on the left limb of the sun. Hot solar material can be seen hovering above the active region in the sun's atmosphere, the corona. Solar flares are powerful bursts of radiation, appearing as giant flashes of light in the SDO images. Harmful radiation from a flare cannot pass through Earth's atmosphere to physically affect humans on the ground, however -- when intense enough -- they can disturb the atmosphere in the layer where GPS and communications signals travel. Image Credit: NASA/SDO #nasa #sun #solar #sdo #space #science #solarflare #gps #wavelengths; -
We’re getting ready to lift off Thursday! The launch pads at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s (JAXA) Tanegashima Space Center on Tanegashima Island, Japan, are seen on Friday, Feb. 21, 2014, a week ahead of the planned launch of an H-IIA rocket carrying the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory. GPM is an international mission led by NASA and JAXA to measure rain and snowfall over most of the globe multiple times a day. To get that worldwide view of precipitation, multiple satellites will be contributing observations for a global data set, all unified by the advanced measurements of GPM's Core Observatory, built at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. Launch of the GPM Core Observatory from Tanegashima Space Center is scheduled for Thursday, Feb. 27, during a window beginning at 1:07 p.m. EST (3:07 a.m. on Friday, Feb. 28 Japan time). Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls #gpm #nasa #space #earth #science #rain #snow #jaxa #japan #tanegashima; -
Japanese Astronaut Koichi Wakata tweeted this image of the moon setting on the blue Earth atmosphere on Friday. The Expedition 38 crew of the International Space Station wrapped up a workweek packed with science research and the completion of a U.S. cargo spacecraft’s first commercial resupply mission to the orbiting outpost. Image credit: NASA/JAXA #nasa #iss #jaxa #station #spacestation #exp38 #internationlspacestation #earth #moon #atmosphere; -
Spotting IRIS’ largest solar flare - On Jan. 28, 2014, NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, or IRIS, witnessed its strongest solar flare since it launched in the summer of 2013. Solar flares are bursts of x-rays and light that stream out into space, but scientists don't yet know the fine details of what sets them off. IRIS peers into a layer of the sun's lower atmosphere just above the surface, called the chromosphere, with unprecedented resolution. Image Credit: NASA/IRS #sun #solar #solarflare #science #space #nasa #iris #xray;
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Soon to soar above the Earth - The Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory is scheduled to launch on Feb. 27 (EST) from Tanegashima Space Center, Japan. GPM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. The Core Observatory will link data from a constellation of current and planned satellites to produce next-generation global measurements of rainfall and snowfall from space. This image is a visualization of the GPM Core Observatory satellite orbiting Earth. Credit: Britt Griswold #gpm #nasa #space #earth #climate #jaxa #science; -
Shocking Behavior of a Speedy Star - Roguish runaway stars can have a big impact on their surroundings as they plunge through the Milky Way galaxy. Their high-speed encounters shock the galaxy, creating arcs, as seen in this newly released image from NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope. In this case, the speedster star is known as Kappa Cassiopeiae, or HD 2905 to astronomers. It is a massive, hot supergiant moving at around 2.5 million mph relative to its neighbors (1,100 kilometers per second). But what really makes the star stand out in this image is the surrounding, streaky red glow of material in its path. Such structures are called bow shocks, and they can often be seen in front of the fastest, most massive stars in the galaxy. Bow shocks form where the magnetic fields and wind of particles flowing off a star collide with the diffuse, and usually invisible, gas and dust that fill the space between stars. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech #space #nasa #science #astronomy #spitzer #star #galaxy #gas; -
Getting ready to observe rain and snow! The Global Precipitation Measurement Core (GPM) Observatory is scheduled to launch on Feb. 27 from Tanegashima Space Center, Japan. Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) is a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). GPM is the first coordinated international satellite network to provide near real-time observations of rain and snow every three hours anywhere on the globe. On Feb. 11, the Core Observatory was moved into the spacecraft fairing assembly building and into the Encapsulation Hall. Final inspections and preparations were completed for the installation into the fairing, which began on Feb 13. The fairing is the part of the rocket that will contain the spacecraft at the top of the H-IIA rocket. Credit: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency #nasa #space #jaxa #gpm #earth #earthnow #science #climate #Tanegashima #spacecraft #satellite; -
Happy anniversary Friendship 7! Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., pilot of the Mercury Atlas 6 (MA-6) spaceflight, poses for a photo with the Mercury "Friendship 7" spacecraft during preflight activities. On Feb. 20, 1962, Glenn piloted the Mercury-Atlas 6 "Friendship 7" spacecraft on the first manned orbital mission of the United States. Launched from Kennedy Space Center, Fla., he completed a successful three-orbit mission around the earth, reaching a maximum altitude (apogee) of approximately 162 statute miles and an orbital velocity of approximately 17,500 miles per hour. Glenn's "Friendship 7" Mercury spacecraft landed approximately 800 miles southeast of KSC in the vicinity of Grand Turk Island. Mission duration from launch to impact was 4 hours, 55 minutes, and 23 seconds. Image Credit: NASA #nasa #kennedy #glenn #space #friendship7 #ksc #mercury #launch #space #anniversary; -
Astronaut Rick Mastracchio on the International Space Station (ISS) tweeted this image of one of the frozen Great Lakes in North America saying "It is tough up here to ID anything with so much snow, ice and clouds." From the unique vantage point of space, astronauts have taken photographs of the Earth since the Mercury missions in the early 1960s.Today, the ISS continues the NASA tradition of Earth observation from human-tended spacecraft. Operational since November 2000, the ISS is well suited for documenting Earth features and provides an excellent stage for observing most populated areas of the world. Images coming down from the International Space Station are processed on a daily basis and include over 1.2 million images through Nov. 1, 2013. Image credit: NASA #nasa #iss #space #exp38 #astrorm #greatlakes #frozen #snow #clouds #earthpics #earth #winter #ice;
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Eyes above Mars sees a tiny little rover- The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter caught this view of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity on Feb. 14, 2014. The red arrow points to Opportunity at the center of the image. Blue arrows point to tracks left by the rover since it entered the area seen here, in October 2013. The scene covers a patch of ground about one-quarter mile (about 400 meters) wide. North is toward the top. The location is the "Murray Ridge" section of the western rim of Endeavour Crater. Murray Ridge is part of the western rim of Endeavour Crater, an impact scar that is billions of years old and about 14 miles (22 kilometers) in diameter. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona #mars #science #nasa #space #hirise #mro #opportunity #crater; -
One of the biggest mysteries in astronomy, how stars blow up in supernova explosions, is unraveling thanks to new data from NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR. In this image of Cassiopeia A, NuSTAR data, which show high-energy X-rays from radioactive material, are colored blue. Lower-energy X-rays from non-radioactive material are shown in red, yellow and green. Cassiopeia A is the remains of a star that blew up in a supernova event whose light reached Earth about 350 years ago, when it could have appeared to observers as a star that suddenly brightened. The remnant is located 11,000 light-years away from Earth. When massive star explode, they create many elements: non-radioactive ones like iron and calcium found in your blood and bones; and radioactive elements like titanium-44, the decay of which sends out high-energy X-ray light that NuSTAR can see. By mapping titanium-44 in Cassiopeia A, astronomers get a direct look at what happened in the core of the star when it was blasted to smithereens. The fact that the titanium -- which is a direct tracer of the supernova blast -- is concentrated in clumps at the core supports a theory referred to as "mild asymmetries." In this scenario, material sloshes about at the heart of the supernova, reinvigorating a shock wave and allowing it to blow out the star's outer layers. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/CXC/SAO #nasa #star #supernova #nustar #space #science #titanium #cassiopeia; -
Martian Dunes Flying in Formation - Migratory birds and military aircraft often fly in a V-shaped formation. The “V” formation greatly boosts the efficiency and range of flying birds, because all except the first fly in the upward motion of air -- called upwash -- from the wingtip vortices of the bird ahead. In this image of a dune field on Mars in a large crater near Mawrth Vallis, some of the dunes appear to be in a V-shaped formation. For dune fields, the spacing of individual dunes is a function of sand supply, wind speed, and topography. This image was acquired by the HiRISE camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on Dec. 30, 2013. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona #mars #nasa #space #planets #mro #hirise #solarsystem #science #geology; -
Coronal Loops in an Active Region of the Sun! An active region of the sun just rotating into the view of NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory gives a profile view of coronal loops over about a two-day period, from Feb. 8-10, 2014. Coronal loops are found around sunspots and in active regions. These structures are associated with the closed magnetic field lines that connect magnetic regions on the solar surface. Many coronal loops last for days or weeks, but most change quite rapidly. This image was taken in extreme ultraviolet light. Image Credit: NASA/Solar Dynamics Observatory #sdo #sun #solar #solarsystem #nasa #science #coronal; -
No, it's not our moon. It's Saturn's moon Dione. And although the crack-like features seen here on Dione's surface appear wispy and faded, they are in reality a series of geologically fresh fractures! Lit terrain seen here is on the trailing hemisphere of Dione. North on Dione (698 miles, or 1,123 kilometers across) is up and rotated 29 degrees to the left. The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on Sept. 10, 2013. The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 554,000 miles (892,000 kilometers) from Dione. Image scale is three miles (five kilometers) per pixel. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute #nasa #saturn #dione #moon #space #science #geology #planets #solarsystem;
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