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Rolling Flows of Lava: As an island in the moist, atmospherically turbulent North Atlantic, Iceland is often shrouded in cloud cover and hard to observe from space. And lately, the island is making some of its own cloud cover, as the Earth has split open between the Bardarbunga and Askja volcanoes and spewed lava and hot gas. The view of the Holuhraun lava field has been spectacular from the ground and from low-flying aircraft. Infrared imaging makes the view spectacular from space, too. On Sept. 6, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 captured this view of the ongoing eruption. The false-color images combine shortwave infrared, near infrared, and green light (OLI bands 6-5-3). Ice and the plume of steam and sulfur dioxide appear cyan and bright blue, while liquid water is navy blue. Bare or rocky ground around the Holuhraun lava field appears in shades of green or brown in this band combination. Fresh lava is bright orange and red. (Download this large image to see the same area in natural color.) Image Credit: NASA #lava #nasa #earth #earthrightnow #space #landsat #holuhraun #volcano; -
Flying Through an Aurora: European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst posted this photograph taken from the International Space Station to social media on Aug. 29, writing, "words can't describe how it feels flying through an #aurora. I wouldn't even know where to begin...." Crew members on the space station photograph the Earth from their unique point of view located 200 miles above the surface. Photographs record how the planet is changing over time, from human-caused changes like urban growth and reservoir construction, to natural dynamic events such as hurricanes, floods and volcanic eruptions. Crew members have been photographing Earth from space since the early Mercury missions beginning in 1961. The continuous images taken from the space station ensure this record remains unbroken. Image Credit: NASA/ESA/Alexander Gerst #nasa #iss #spacestation #space #exp40 #science; -
Take a Splash Into the Cosmos Millions of galaxies populate the patch of sky known as the COSMOS field, short for Cosmic Evolution Survey, a portion of which is shown here. Even the smallest dots in this image are galaxies, some up to 12 billion light-years away. The square region in the center of bright objects is where the telescope was blinded by bright light. However, even these brightest objects in the field are more than ten thousand times fainter than what you can see with the naked eye. The picture is a combination of infrared data from Spitzer (red) and visible-light data (blue and green) from Japan's Subaru telescope atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii. These data were taken as part of the SPLASH (Spitzer large area survey with Hyper-Suprime-Cam) project. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech; -
Using the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have discovered a companion star to a rare type of supernova. The discovery confirms a long-held theory that the supernova, dubbed SN 1993J, occurred inside what is called a binary system, where two interacting stars caused a cosmic explosion. SN 1993J is an example of a Type IIb supernova, unusual stellar explosions that contains much less hydrogen than found in a typical supernova. Astronomers believe the companion star took most of the hydrogen surrounding the exploding main star and continued to burn as a super-hot helium star. SN 1993J resides in the Messier 81 galaxy, about 11 million light-years away in the direction of Ursa Major, the Great Bear constellation. Since its discovery 21 years ago, scientists have been looking for the companion star. Observations at the W. M. Keck Observatory on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, suggested that the missing companion star radiated large amounts of ultraviolet (UV) light, but the area of the supernova was so crowded that scientists could not be sure they were measuring the right star. The team combined optical light data and Hubble’s UV light images to construct a spectrum that matched the predicted glow of a companion star, also known as the continuum emission. Scientists were only recently able to directly detect this light. Pictured here is an artist’s impression of supernova 1993J, which exploded in the galaxy M81. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, G. Bacon (STScI); -
Pyramids from space: Astronaut Reid Wiseman posted this image Sept. 5 and wrote, "No doubt about it, those are some GREAT #Pyramids at #Giza." Image Credit: NASA #iss #nasa #space #spacestation #astronauts #exp40 #egypt;
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Our New Probe Will Study Earth's Forests in 3-D: A laser-based instrument being developed for the International Space Station will provide a unique 3-D view of Earth's forests, helping to fill in missing information about their role in the carbon cycle. Called the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation lidar, the instrument will be the first to systematically probe the depths of the forests from space. It will reveal the 3-D architecture of forests, as depicted in this artist's concept. The unprecedented detail of these measurements will provide crucial information about the impact that trees have on the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. Image Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center #nasa #space #spacestation #iss #earthrightnow #earth #earthscience #science; -
Orion Complete & Ready for its Move: Our first completed Orion crew module sits atop its service module at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Facility at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The crew and service module will be transferred together on Wednesday to another facility for fueling, before moving again for the installation of the launch abort system. At that point, the spacecraft will be complete and ready to stack on top of the Delta IV Heavy rocket that will carry it into space on its first flight in December. For that flight, Exploration Flight Test-1, Orion will travel 3,600 miles above the Earth – farther than any spacecraft built to carry people has traveled in more than 40 years – and return home at speeds of 20,000 miles per hour, while enduring temperatures near 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Image Credit: NASA/Rad Sinyak #nasa #orion #oriontest #eft1 #space #exploration #deltaiv #spacecraft; -
Rocky Mountain High: @usinterior @RockyNPS is trying to reach 100K photos with #RMNP to capture 100 years of Rocky using their Instagram account. They will then select 100 photos to create an @instagram art gallery which will be on display during their re-dedication ceremony in September 2015. This image is our submission. This sweeping view of the Rocky Mountains and the western US was taken when the International Space Station traveled over eastern Washington on Oct. 17, 2003. The POV of the station was looking southeast over the mountains of Idaho (foreground) and Wyoming (Yellowstone, the Tetons and the Wind River Range are just right and above the center of the image). Great Salt Lake is in the lower right of the image. Image Credit: NASA #nasa #space #iss #spacestation #science #rockymountains; -
Another stunning moon image for International Observe the Moon Night (InOMN), an annual event encouraging people to 'look up' and take notice of the moon. This image from January 2012 is of the moon and Earth's atmosphere as seen from the International Space Station. Image Credit: NASA #InOMN #nasa #spacestation #earth #moon #iss; -
Look Up! It's International Observe the Moon Night (InOMN), an annual event encouraging people to 'look up' and take notice of the moon. In this image, the brightly lit metropolitan areas of Torino (Italy), Lyon, and Marseille (both in France) stand out amidst numerous smaller urban areas. The full moon reflects brightly on the water surface and also illuminates the tops of low patchy clouds over the border (center). This image was taken by a crew member aboard the International Space Station on April 28, 2010. Crew members orbiting Earth frequently collect images that include sunglint, or sunlight that reflects off a water surface at such an angle that it travels directly back towards the observer. Sunglint typically lends a mirror-like appearance to the water surface. During clear sky conditions reflected light from the moon can produce the same effect (moon glint) as illustrated in this view. The observer was looking towards the southeast at an oblique viewing angle at the time the image was taken; in other words, looking outwards from the station, not straight down towards Earth. Image Credit: NASA #InOMN #nasa #spacestation #earth #moon #iss;
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Hubble Sees Spiral in Serpens: This new Hubble Space Telescope image shows a beautiful spiral galaxy known as PGC 54493, located in the constellation of Serpens (The Serpent). This galaxy is part of a galaxy cluster that has been studied by astronomers exploring an intriguing phenomenon known as weak gravitational lensing. This effect, caused by the uneven distribution of matter (including dark matter) throughout the Universe, has been explored via surveys such as the Hubble Medium Deep Survey. Dark matter is one of the great mysteries in cosmology. It behaves very differently from ordinary matter as it does not emit or absorb light or other forms of electromagnetic energy — hence the term "dark." Image Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA #nasa #esa #space #science #hst #hubble #astronomy #galaxy; -
Reading in a web of wires: NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman, Expedition 40 flight engineer, reads a procedures checklist in the Destiny laboratory of the space station. The station’s Expedition 40 crew supported a full slate of biomedical research Thursday while preparations for the next week’s departure of three crew members entered the homestretch. Image Credit: NASA #iss #nasa #exp40 #space #spacestation #science #astronauts; -
Low Light Test on New Technology for Webb Telescope: Our engineers inspect a new piece of technology developed for the James Webb Space Telescope, the micro shutter array, with a low light test. Developed at @NASAGoddard to allow Webb's Near Infrared Spectrograph to obtain spectra of more than 100 objects in the universe simultaneously, the micro shutter array uses thousands of tiny shutters to capture spectra from selected objects of interest in space and block out light from all other sources. The James Webb Space Telescope is a large space telescope, optimized for infrared wavelengths. It is scheduled for launch later in this decade. Webb will find the first galaxies that formed in the early universe, connecting the Big Bang to our own Milky Way galaxy. Webb will peer through dusty clouds to see stars forming planetary systems, connecting the Milky Way to our own solar system. Image Credit: NASA Goddard/Chris Gunn #nasa #space #jwst #astronomy #infrared #galaxy #science; -
Our researchers discover new clues to determining the solar cycle. Approximately every 11 years, the sun undergoes a complete personality change from quiet and calm to violently active. The height of the sun’s activity, known as solar maximum, is a time of numerous sunspots, punctuated with profound eruptions that send radiation and solar particles out into the far reaches of space. However, the timing of the solar cycle is far from precise. Since humans began regularly recording sunspots in the 17th century, the time between successive solar maxima has been as short as nine years, but as long as 14, making it hard to determine its cause. Now, researchers have discovered a new marker to track the course of the solar cycle—brightpoints, little bright spots in the solar atmosphere that allow us to observe the constant roiling of material inside the sun. These markers provide a new way to watch the way the magnetic fields evolve and move through our closest star. They also show that a substantial adjustment to established theories about what drives this mysterious cycle may be needed. Image Credit: NASA #nasa #space #sun #solarsystem #solar #science; -
What's that in the sky? It's our researchers taking to the skies to capture data about the effects of jet biofuels on aircraft emissions and contrails. In this image, our DC-8 research aircraft, which had the job of burning the biofuel, leads one of the "sampling" chase aircraft across an early morning sky near NASA's Armstrong Aircraft Operations Facility in Palmdale, Calif. The science instruments on the chase aircraft, as they were flown through the DC-8's wake, were able to record more data about how the emissions mixed with air. The tests confirm that the biofuels result in at least 50 percent reduction in soot emissions when burning the blended fuel as opposed to standard jet fuel. The goal of the research is to help lead to more environmentally friendly aircraft designs. Image Credit: NASA/ORAU Richard Moore #nasa #nasaaero #accessii #earthrightnow #biofuels #aeronautics #science;
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