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False-Color Image of Earth Highlights Plant Growth - This image is a view of South America and portions of North America and Africa from the Mercury Dual Imaging System’s wide-angle camera aboard MESSENGER. The wide-angle camera records light at eleven different wavelengths, including visible and infrared light. Combining blue, red, and green light results in a true-color image from the observations. The image substitutes infrared light for blue light in the three-band combination. The resulting image is crisper than the natural color version because our atmosphere scatters blue light. Infrared light, however, passes through the atmosphere with relatively little scattering and allows a clearer view. That wavelength substitution makes plants appear red. Why? Plants reflect near-infrared light more strongly than either red or green, and in this band combination, near-infrared is assigned to look red. Image Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington #nasa #plants #earth #space #science; -
NASA Radar Demonstrates Ability to Foresee Sinkholes - New analyses of NASA airborne radar data collected in 2012 reveal the radar detected indications of a huge sinkhole before it collapsed and forced evacuations near Bayou Corne, La. that year. The findings suggest such radar data, if collected routinely from airborne systems or satellites, could at least in some cases foresee sinkholes before they happen, decreasing danger to people and property. Sinkholes are depressions in the ground formed when Earth surface layers collapse into caverns below. They usually form without warning. The data were collected as part of an ongoing NASA campaign to monitor sinking of the ground along the Louisiana Gulf Coast. Their analyses showed the ground surface layer deformed significantly at least a month before the collapse, moving mostly horizontally up to 10.2 inches (260 millimeters) toward where the sinkhole would later form. These precursory surface movements covered a much larger area -- about 1,640 by 1,640 feet, (500 by 500 meters) -- than that of the initial sinkhole, which measured about 2 acres (1 hectare). Aerial photo of a 25-acre sinkhole that formed unexpectedly near Bayou Corne, La., in Aug. 2012. Image Credit: On Wings of Care, New Orleans, La. #sinkhole #nasa #radar #bayou #louisiana; -
Astronomers say that magnetic storms in the gas orbiting young stars may explain a mystery that has persisted since before 2006. Researchers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope to study developing stars have had a hard time figuring out why the stars give off more infrared light than expected. The planet-forming disks that circle the young stars are heated by starlight and glow with infrared light, but Spitzer detected additional infrared light coming from an unknown source. A new theory, based on three-dimensional models of planet-forming disks, suggests the answer: Gas and dust suspended above the disks on gigantic magnetic loops like those seen on the sun absorb the starlight and glow with infrared light. Magnetic loops carry gas and dust above disks of planet-forming material circling stars, as shown in this artist's conception. These loops give off extra heat, which NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope detects as infrared light. The colors in this illustration show what an alien observer with eyes sensitive to both visible light and infrared wavelengths might see. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech #nasa #planet #stars #spitzer #telescope #space #science; -
Martian Sand Dunes in Spring - Mars' northern-most sand dunes are beginning to emerge from their winter cover of seasonal carbon dioxide (dry) ice. Dark, bare south-facing slopes are soaking up the warmth of the sun. The steep lee sides of the dunes are also ice-free along the crest, allowing sand to slide down the dune. Dark splotches are places where ice cracked earlier in spring, releasing sand. Soon the dunes will be completely bare and all signs of spring activity will be gone. This image was acquired by the HiRISE camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on Jan. 16, 2014. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona #mars #nasa #planets #space #science #hirise #dunes #mro; -
Space Station Sensor to Capture 'Striking' Lightning Data - Our researchers developed the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) aboard the TRMM satellite, which detects and locates lightning over the tropical region of the globe. The team that created this hardware in the mid-1990s built a spare, which is scheduled to launch to the International Space Station in February 2016 in order to take advantage of the orbiting laboratory’s high inclination. LIS measures the amount, rate and radiant energy of global lightning, providing storm-scale resolution, millisecond timing, and high, uniform-detection efficiency -- and it does this without land-ocean bias. One of the crew members aboard the International Space Station photographed this night view of storm clouds over Southern California. Early morning lightning can be seen as a white blotch just to the right of center. The yellow colored area, beneath the grey clouds, which almost shines because of night lights, is part of the highly populated area of Los Angeles and San Diego. Image Credit: NASA #iss #storm #losangeles #sandiego #lightning #space #nasa #la #sd;
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Direct Measurement of Distant Black Hole's Spin - Multiple images of a distant quasar are visible in this combined view from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope. The Chandra data were used to directly measure the spin of the supermassive black hole powering this quasar. Gravitational lensing by an intervening elliptical galaxy has created four different images of the quasar, shown by the Chandra data in pink. Such lensing, first predicted by Einstein, offers a rare opportunity to study regions close to the black hole in distant quasars, by acting as a natural telescope and magnifying the light from these sources. The Hubble data in red, green and blue shows the elliptical galaxy in the middle of the image, along with other galaxies in the field. The quasar is known as RX J1131-1231, located about 6 billion light years from Earth. The authors of the new study found that the X-rays are coming from a region in the disk located only about three times the radius of the event horizon, the point of no return for infalling matter. This implies that the black hole must be spinning extremely rapidly to allow a disk to survive at such a small radius. The discovery that the black hole in RX J1131 is spinning at over half the speed of light suggests that this black hole has grown via mergers, rather than pulling material in from different directions. Image credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Univ of Michigan/R.C.Reis et al; Optical: NASA/STScI #chandra #hubble #hst #science #nasa #blackhole #quasar; -
Our Hubble Space Telescope finds life is too fast, too furious for this runaway galaxy. The spiral galaxy ESO 137-001 looks like a dandelion caught in a breeze. The galaxy is zooming toward the upper right of this image, in between other galaxies in the Norma cluster located over 200 million light-years away. The road is harsh: intergalactic gas in the Norma cluster is sparse, but so hot at 180 million degrees Fahrenheit that it glows in X-rays. The spiral plows through the seething intra-cluster gas so rapidly – at nearly 4.5 million miles per hour — that much of its own gas is caught and torn away. Astronomers call this "ram pressure stripping." The galaxy’s stars remain intact due to the binding force of their gravity. Credit: NASA/ESA #nasa #space #hubble #hst #astronomy #galaxy #universe #science; -
Into an Aurora! On March 3, 2014, at 6:09 a.m. EST, a NASA-funded sounding rocket launched straight into an aurora over Venetie, Alaska. The Ground-to-Rocket Electrodynamics – Electron Correlative Experiment (GREECE) sounding rocket mission, which launched from Poker Flat Research Range in Poker Flat, Alaska, will study classic curls in the aurora in the night sky. The GREECE mission seeks to understand what combination of events sets up these auroral curls as they're called, in the charged, heated gas – or plasma – where aurorae form. This is a piece of information, which in turn, helps paint a picture of the sun-Earth connection and how energy and particles from the sun interact with Earth's own magnetic system, the magnetosphere. Image Credit: NASA/Christopher Perry #nasa #aurora #space @alaska #rocket #launch #earth; -
Our aeronautics research focuses on substantially reducing fuel consumption, emissions and noise -- to make the Next Generation Air Transportation System, or NextGen, a reality. We also are tackling emerging global challenges facing aviation in the coming decades. Here NASA Dryden Flight Loads engineer William Lokos monitors a wing loading test of NASA G-III 804 during recent testing in support of the Adaptive Compliant Trailing Edge, or ACTE, project. Image Credit: NASA #fy15 #budget #nasa #aeronautics; -
Earth Science, Weather and Climate Change - The budget sustains NASA’s vital role in helping us understand the Earth’s systems and climate and the dynamics between our planet and the sun. This year, NASA and its international partners will launch an unprecedented five Earth science missions to find answers to critical challenges facing our planet today and in the future, including climate change, sea level rise, freshwater resources and extreme weather events. Here, NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory spacecraft is moved into a thermal vacuum chamber at Orbital Sciences Corporation's Satellite Manufacturing Facility in Gilbert, Ariz., for environmental tests. Image Credit: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA/JPL-Caltech #fy15 #budget #nasa #climatechange #climate #orbital #earth #science;
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Our American industry partners for commercial resupply of the International Space Station, SpaceX and Orbital Sciences Corp., are developing new ways to reach space, creating jobs and enabling NASA to focus on new technologies that benefit all of our missions. Pictured here, the SpaceX Dragon (left) and Orbital's Cygnus (right) on resupply missions to the station. Images Credit: NASA #fy15 #budget #iss #spacestation #nasa #space #spacex #dragon #orbital #cygnus; -
Asteroid Initiative! Game-changing technologies advanced by this budget support NASA’s first-ever mission to identify, capture and relocate an asteroid. This initiative represents an unprecedented technological feat -- raising the bar for human exploration and discovery, while advancing the grand challenge of protecting our home planet and bringing us closer to a human mission to one of these mysterious objects. This concept image shows an astronaut preparing to take samples from the captured asteroid after it has been relocated to a stable orbit in the Earth-moon system. Hundreds of rings are affixed to the asteroid capture bag, helping the astronaut carefully navigate the surface. Image Credit: NASA #budget #nasa #space #asteroid #fy15 #asteroids #protecttheplanet; -
Source Region for Possible Europa Plumes - This reprojection of the official USGS basemap of Jupiter's moon Europa is centered at the estimated source region for potential water vapor plumes that might have been detected using the Hubble Space Telescope. The view is centered at -65 degrees latitude, 183 degrees longitude. In addition to the plume source region, the image also shows the hemisphere of Europa that might be affected by plume deposits. This map is composed of images from NASA's Galileo and Voyager missions. The black region near the south pole results from gaps in imaging coverage. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SETI Institute #jupiter #solarsystem #planets #moon #nasa #space #science #planetary #europa #hubble #hst; -
Expedition 38 crew members pose for an in-flight crew portrait in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station on Feb. 22, 2014. Pictured (clockwise from top center) are Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kotov, commander; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Koichi Wakata, Russian cosmonaut Sergey Ryazanskiy, NASA astronauts Rick Mastracchio and Mike Hopkins, and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin, all flight engineers. Image Credit: NASA #iss #space #exp38 #nasa #spacestation #portrait, #roscosmos #jaxa; -
More #RealGravity images tonight as #Gravity picks up awards at the #Oscars2014: The thin line of Earth's atmosphere and the setting sun are featured in this image photographed on Nov. 23, 2009 by a crew member on the International Space Station while space shuttle Atlantis was docked with the station. Image credit: NASA #nasa #space #iss #spacepix #gravity #oscars2014 #oscars #realgravity #oscarceremony;
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