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Crescent Moon Rising and Earth's Atmosphere - On Feb. 1, 2014, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Koichi Wakata tweeted this view of a crescent moon rising and the cusp of Earth's atmosphere. Distinct colors are visible because the dominant gases and particles in each layer of the atmosphere act as prisms, filtering out certain colors of light. Image Credit: NASA #nasa #space #iss #exp38 #moon #earth #jaxa #atmosphere #photography; -
A Spectacular New Martian Impact Crater - A dramatic, fresh impact crater dominates this image taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on Nov. 19, 2013. Researchers used HiRISE to examine this site because the orbiter's Context Camera had revealed a change in appearance here between observations in July 2010 and May 2012, bracketing the formation of the crater between those observations. The crater spans approximately 100 feet (30 meters) in diameter and is surrounded by a large, rayed blast zone. Because the terrain where the crater formed is dusty, the fresh crater appears blue in the enhanced color of the image, due to removal of the reddish dust in that area. Debris tossed outward during the formation of the crater is called ejecta. In examining ejecta's distribution, scientists can learn more about the impact event. The explosion that excavated this crater threw ejecta as far as 9.3 miles (15 kilometers). Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona #nasa #space #mars #crater #science #planets; -
Today in 1974, NASA's Mariner 10 mission took this first close-up photo of Venus. Made using an ultraviolet filter in its imaging system, the photo has been color-enhanced to bring out Venus's cloudy atmosphere as the human eye would see it. Venus is perpetually blanketed by a thick veil of clouds high in carbon dioxide and its surface temperature approaches 900 degrees Fahrenheit. Launched on Nov. 3, 1973 atop an Atlas-Centaur rocket, Mariner 10 flew by Venus in 1974. #nasa #space #science #venus #atlas; -
Now It's Your Turn... NASA Unfiltered - Our First Photo #NASASocial: Are you instantly on Instagram? A Flickr fanatic? If you know the difference between shutter speed and an f-stop, this #NASASocial is for you. @NASAGoddard is hosting an event for its photo-fanatic social media followers on the morning of Feb. 27, 2014, at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. This NASA Social will bring 15 social media photo-gurus together at NASA Goddard to snap and share photos of where NASA's next great Earth science satellite was developed, built and tested. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Core Observatory is the largest satellite ever built and tested at NASA Goddard. Info and registration: http://www.nasa.gov/social Credit: NASA #nasagoddard #nasasocial #nasa #gpm #photo #inperson #irl #space #visitnasa; -
Sun Emits Mid-Level Solar Flare: The sun emitted a mid-level solar flare, beginning at 11:57 p.m. EST on Feb. 3, 2014, and peaking at midnight EST. This image, captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, shows the bright flare near the center of the sun. Solar flares are powerful bursts of radiation. Harmful radiation from a flare cannot pass through Earth's atmosphere to physically affect humans on the ground, however -- when intense enough -- they can disturb the atmosphere in the layer where GPS and communications signals travel. This flare is classified as an M5.2 flare. Image Credit: NASA/SDO #sdo #sun #solar #solarflare #sunspot #solarsystem #nasa #science;
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In the bright light of Antarctica's summer sun, a NASA mission launched its first 18 science balloons between Dec. 27, 2013, and Feb. 2, 2014. BARREL, or the Balloon Array for Radiation belt Relativistic Electron Losses, plans to launch 20 balloons in total to help unravel the mysterious radiation belts, two gigantic donuts of particles that surround Earth. Once launched, each balloon travels in a wide circle around the South Pole for up to three weeks, so that a handful of balloons can be up at any one time. Circling the pole, the balloons fly through the foot point of where Earth's magnetic fields descend down to the ground. Instruments on the balloons observe electrons traveling down from space along these fields. By coordinating with NASA's Van Allen Probes – two spacecraft orbiting high above -- the team hopes to determine what occurrence in the belts correlates to occasional bursts of electrons that can precipitate down toward Earth. Such information will ultimately help scientists understand -- and predict changes -- in the Van Allen radiation belts. This image is of a BARREL balloon launch at Halley Research Station on Jan. 30, 2014. Image Credit: NASA/BARREL/David Milling #nasa #balloon #southpole #antactica #ice #snow #earth #science #radiation; -
NASA's Curiosity Mars rover reached the edge of a dune on Jan. 30 and photographed the valley on the other side, to aid assessment of whether to cross the dune. Curiosity is on a southwestward traverse of many months from an area where it found evidence of ancient conditions favorable for microbial life to its long-term science destination on the lower slopes of Mount Sharp. Based on analysis of images taken from orbit by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, a location dubbed "Dingo Gap" was assessed as a possible gateway to a favorable route for the next portion of the traverse. A dune across Dingo Gap is about 3 feet (1 meter) high, tapered off at both sides of the gap between two low scarps. Curiosity reached the eastern side of the dune on Jan. 30 and returned images that the rover team is using to guide decisions about upcoming drives. Image credit: NASA #mars #nasa #space #spaceimages #msl #curiosity #marscuriosity #marsrovers #planets #redplanet #solarsystem #nofilter; -
While the origin of life remains mysterious, scientists are finding more and more evidence that material created in space and delivered to Earth by comet and meteor impacts could have given a boost to the start of life. Some meteorites supply molecules that can be used as building blocks to make certain kinds of larger molecules that are critical for life. Researchers have analyzed carbon-rich meteorites (carbonaceous chondrites) and found amino acids, which are used to make proteins. Proteins are among the most important molecules in life, used to make structures like hair and skin, and to speed up or regulate chemical reactions. They have also found components used to make DNA, the molecule that carries the instructions for how to build and regulate a living organism, as well as other biologically important molecules like nitrogen heterocycles, sugar-related organic compounds, and compounds found in modern metabolism. Picture here is the equipment used by NASA Goddard's Astrobiology Analytical Lab to analyze very small samples. On the right is the nanoelectrospray emitter, which gives sample molecules an electric charge and transfers them to the inlet of the mass spectrometer (left), which identifies the molecules by their mass. This technology and the laboratory techniques that the Goddard lab develops to apply it to analyze meteorites will be valuable for future sample-return missions since the amount of sample likely will be limited. Image Credit: Michael Callahan #lab #laboratory #nasagoddard #meteorite #meteor #science #labtest #technology #tech #astrobiology; -
Round and Round - Just as Saturn's famous hexagonal shaped jet stream encircles the planet's north pole, the rings encircle the planet, as seen from Cassini's position high above. Around and around everything goes! This view looks toward the sunlit side of the rings from about 43 degrees above the ringplane. The image was taken with the Cassini spacecraft wide-angle camera on Nov. 23, 2013 using a spectral filter that preferentially admits wavelengths of near-infrared light centered at 752 nanometers. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute #nasa #space #saturn #planets #astronomy #science #cassini #spacecraft; -
Game over & so is #SupernovaSunday. We hope you enjoyed it! This highly distorted supernova remnant may contain the most recent black hole formed in the Milky Way galaxy. The composite image combines X-rays from Chandra (blue and green), radio data from the Very Large Array (pink), and infrared data from the Palomar Observatory (yellow). Most supernova explosions that destroy massive stars are generally symmetrical. In the W49B supernova, however, it appears that the material near its poles was ejected at much higher speeds than that at its equator. There is also evidence that the explosion that produced W49B left behind a black hole and not a neutron star like most other supernovas. X-ray: NASA/CXC/MIT/L.Lopez et al.; Infrared: Palomar; Radio: NSF/NRAO/VLA #nasa #space #astronomy #superbowl #sb48 #superbowlxlviii #metlife #meadowlands #sports #nfl #supernova #stars #biggame;
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The scoreboard may not be lighting up, but this artist's illustration shows what the brightest supernova ever recorded, known as SN 2006gy, may have looked like. The fireworks-like material (white) shows the explosive death of an extremely massive star. Before it exploded, the star expelled the lobes of cool gas (red). As the material from the explosion crashes into the lobes, it heats the gas in a shock front (green, blue and yellow) and pushes it backward. CREDIT: NASA #nasa #space #astronomy #superbowl #sb48 #superbowlxlviii #metlife #meadowlands #sports #nfl #supernova #stars #chandra #spitzer #biggame #supernovasunday; -
In honor of the Super Bowl Half Time Show and Bruno Mars… well, here’s Mars. Mosaic of the Syrtis Major hemisphere of Mars projected into a point perspective, a view similar to that which one would see from a spacecraft. The viewer's distance is 2,000 kilometers above the surface of the planet. This mosaic is composed of about 100 red and violet filter Viking Orbiter images. The images were acquired in 1980 during early northern summer on Mars. IMAGE CREDIT: NASA #nasa #space #astronomy #superbowl #sb48 #superbowlxlviii #metlife #meadowlands #sports #nfl #supernova #stars #biggame #supernovasunday #mars #brunomars #planets; -
No worries, #SuperBowl fans, this is an artist depiction of a neutron star, which is the densest object astronomers can observe directly, crushing half a million times Earth's mass into a sphere about 12 miles across, or similar in size to Manhattan Island, as shown in this illustration. A neutron star is the crushed core of a massive star that ran out of fuel, collapsed under its own weight, and exploded as a supernova. A neutron star can spin as fast as 43,000 times per minute and boast a magnetic field a trillion times stronger than Earth's. Matter within a neutron star is so dense a teaspoonful would weigh about a billion tons on Earth. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center #nasa #space#astronomy #superbowl #sb48 #superbowlxlviii #metlife #meadowlands #sports #nfl #supernova#stars #chandra #spitzer #biggame; -
Big game and big shock waves on #SupernovaSunday! Supernova Remnant G266.2-1.2 was produced by the explosion of a massive star in the Milky Way galaxy. A Chandra observation of this supernova remnant reveals the presence of extremely high-energy particles produced as the shock wave from this explosion expands into interstellar space. In this image, the X-rays from Chandra (purple) have been combined with optical data from the Digitized Sky Survey (red, green, and blue). A supernova happens where there is a change in the core, or center, of a star. Having too much matter causes the star to explode, resulting in a supernova. Also, a supernova can occur at the end of a single star’s lifetime. As the star runs out of nuclear fuel, some of its mass flows into its core. Eventually, the core is so heavy that it cannot withstand its own gravitational force. The core collapses, which results in the giant explosion of a supernova. The sun is a single star, but it does not have enough mass to become a supernova. Image credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Morehead State Univ/T.Pannuti et al, Optical: DSS #nasa #space #astronomy #superbowl #sb48 #superbowlxlviii #metlife #meadowlands #sports #nfl #supernova #stars #chandra #spitzer #biggame; -
It’s #SupernovaSunday, and like a veteran player during the big game, there’s a lot to learn from aged supernova remnants. This image combines data from four different space telescopes to create a multi-wavelength view of all that remains of the oldest documented example of a supernova, called RCW 86. The Chinese witnessed the event in 185 A.D., documenting a mysterious "guest star" that remained in the sky for eight months. By studying the X-ray and infrared data together, astronomers were able to determine that the cause of the explosion witnessed nearly 2,000 years ago was a Type Ia supernova, in which an otherwise-stable white dwarf, or dead star, was pushed beyond the brink of stability when a companion star dumped material onto it. Furthermore, scientists used the data to solve another mystery surrounding the remnant -- how it got to be so large in such a short amount of time. By blowing a wind prior to exploding, the white dwarf was able to clear out a huge "cavity," a region of very low-density surrounding the system. The explosion into this cavity was able to expand much faster than it otherwise would have. RCW 86 is approximately 8,000 light-years away. At about 85 light-years in diameter, it occupies a region of the sky in the southern constellation of Circinus that is slightly larger than the full moon. Credits: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO & ESA; Infared: NASA/JPL-Caltech/B. Williams (NCSU) #nasa #space #astronomy #superbowl #sb48 #superbowlxlviii #metlife #meadowlands #sports #nfl #supernova #stars #chandra #spitzer #biggame;
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