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Comet ISON Approaching the Sun: This movie from NASA’s STEREO spacecraft's Heliospheric Imager shows Comet ISON, Mercury, Comet Encke and Earth over a five-day period from Nov. 20 to Nov. 25, 2013. The sun sits right of the field of view of this camera. Comet ISON, which will round the sun on Nov. 28, is what's known as a sungrazing comet, due to its close approach. A comet’s journey through the solar system is perilous and violent. A giant ejection of solar material from the sun could rip its tail off. Before it reaches Mars -- at some 230 million miles away from the sun -- the radiation of the sun begins to boil its water, the first step toward breaking apart. And, if it survives all this, the intense radiation and pressure as it flies near the surface of the sun could destroy it altogether. Even if the comet does not survive, tracking its journey will help scientists understand what the comet is made of, how it reacts to its environment, and what this explains about the origins of the solar system. Closer to the sun, watching how the comet and its tail interact with the vast solar atmosphere can teach scientists more about the sun itself. Image Credit: NASA/STEREO #nasa #space #ison #cometison #comet #stars #astronomy #universe #solarsystem; -
Traveling for #Thanksgiving? It’s a time when the nation’s transportation network is clogged with travelers. According to the American Automobile Association, an estimated 43.4 million Americans will travel 50 miles (80 kilometers) or more during Thanksgiving week, with the average round trip being 600 miles (1,000 kilometers). More than 90 percent of them will use cars or trucks, while the rest will ride planes or trains. The imprint of the transportation web becomes easier to see at night. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership) satellite acquired two nighttime images early on Oct. 1, 2013, for this natural-light, mosaic view of the continental United States. The VIIRS instrument uses a “day-night band” of wavelengths that is sensitive to low light levels and manmade light sources. The images were collected just three days before the new moon, so reflected light from space and the atmosphere was relatively low. It was also a rare night when most of the nation was cloud-free. Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using Suomi NPP VIIRS and DMSP OLS data provided courtesy of Chris Elvidge (NOAA National Geophysical Data Center) Caption: Mike Carlowicz #nasa #space #traffic #transportation #map #viirs #npp #satellite #night #infrared; -
Coils of Magnetic Field Lines on the Sun: NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory zoomed in for a close-up of tight packs of coils around one active region on the sun on Nov. 18-19, 2013. The bundles of coils are actually charged particles swirling along magnetic field lines. Other field lines heading off to the left are more elongated and tapered. The images were taken in extreme ultraviolet light. Credit: NASA/Solar Dynamics Observatory #solar #sdo #nasa #space #sunpix #sun; -
310 million light years away is spiral galaxy NGC 4921, visible from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope. Seen in this image are, from the center, a bright nucleus, a bright central bar, a prominent ring of dark dust, blue clusters of recently formed stars, several smaller companion galaxies, unrelated galaxies in the far distant universe, and unrelated stars in our Milky Way Galaxy. A more precise determination of distance could be coupled with its known recession speed to help humanity better calibrate the expansion rate of the entire visible universe. Toward this goal, several images were taken by Hubble in order to help identify key stellar distance markers known as Cepheid variable stars. Since NGC 4921 is a member of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies, refining its distance would also allow a better distance determination to one of the largest nearby clusters in the local universe. The magnificent spiral NGC 4921 has been informally dubbed anemic because of its low rate of star formation and low surface brightness. Image Credit: Hubble Legacy Archive, ESA, NASA #nasa #hubble #space #astronomy #galaxy #stars #milkyway #hst #universe; -
Hubble Sees Sparring Antennae Galaxies: The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has snapped the best ever image of the Antennae Galaxies. Hubble has released images of these stunning galaxies twice before, once using observations from its Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) in 1997, and again in 2006 from the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). Each of Hubble’s images of the Antennae Galaxies has been better than the last, due to upgrades made during the famous servicing missions, the last of which took place in 2009. The galaxies — also known as NGC 4038 and NGC 4039 — are locked in a deadly embrace. Once normal, sedate spiral galaxies like the Milky Way, the pair have spent the past few hundred million years sparring with one another. This clash is so violent that stars have been ripped from their host galaxies to form a streaming arc between the two. In wide-field images of the pair the reason for their name becomes clear — far-flung stars and streamers of gas stretch out into space, creating long tidal tails reminiscent of antennae. This new image of the Antennae Galaxies shows obvious signs of chaos. Clouds of gas are seen in bright pink and red, surrounding the bright flashes of blue star-forming regions — some of which are partially obscured by dark patches of dust. The rate of star formation is so high that the Antennae Galaxies are said to be in a state of starburst, a period in which all of the gas within the galaxies is being used to form stars. This cannot last forever and neither can the separate galaxies; eventually the nuclei will coalesce, and the galaxies will begin their retirement together as one large elliptical galaxy. This image uses visible and near-infrared observations from Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), along with some of the previously-released observations from Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). Credit: Hubble/European Space Agency #nasa #hubble #space #astronomy #galaxy #stars #milkyway #hst #universe;
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“The Earth is beautiful,” tweeted @AstroIllini. This Earth image was posted on Nov. 23 by astronaut Mike Hopkins from aboard the International Space Station. The six-member Expedition 38 crew spent the week participating in biomedical experiments observing how the human body adapts to long duration missions in space. The crew collected blood, urine and saliva samples; performed ear and eye exams; and studied how a crew member moves in space. CREDIT: NASA #nasa #iss #spacestation #astronauts #earth #clouds #space #exp38; -
Japanese astronauts Koichi Wakata (@Astro_Wakata) posted this image of Earth from space station to Twitter and wrote, “It looks like the Aurora curtain over Canada is extending up to about a few hundred kilometers above Earth surface.” CREDIT: JAXA #nasa #iss #spacestation #aurora #astronauts #canada #japan #jaxa #earth; -
Want to escape from work on Friday? In the event of an emergency on space station, green dots near the hatch point toward the Soyuz spacecraft so astronauts can find their way to their ship to escape station. This image from astronaut Mike Hopkins shows what it looks like inside the space station while the crew sleeps. CREDIT: NASA #nasa #iss #spacestation #soyuz #night #sleep #escape #astronauts; -
#Comet #ISON entered the field of view of the HI-1 camera on NASA's Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, or STEREO, on Nov. 21, 2013, and the comet shows up clearly, appearing to still be intact. Dark "clouds" coming from the right are more dense areas in the solar wind, causing ripples in Comet Encke's tail. Using comet tails as tracers can provide valuable data about solar wind conditions near the sun. Image Credit: Karl Battams/NASA/STEREO/CIOC #cometISON #nasa #space; -
NASA Sees 'Watershed' Cosmic Blast in Unique Detail: This artist rendering is of a blast of light from a dying star in a distant galaxy that on April 27 became the focus of astronomers around the world. The explosion, known as a gamma-ray burst and designated GRB 130427A, tops the charts as one of the brightest ever seen. A trio of NASA satellites - Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) & the Swift Gamma-ray Burst Mission - working in concert with ground-based robotic telescopes, captured never-before-seen details that challenge current theoretical understandings of how gamma-ray bursts work. Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous explosions in the cosmos. Astronomers think most occur when the core of a massive star runs out of nuclear fuel, collapses under its own weight, and forms a black hole. The black hole then drives jets of particles that drill all the way through the collapsing star at nearly the speed of light. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center #nasa #space #astromony #gammaray #cosmic #discovery # astronomers #swift #fermi #nestar #radiation #telescope;
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A Portrait of Global Winds: High-resolution global atmospheric modeling provides a unique tool to study the role of weather within Earth’s climate system. NASA’s Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS-5) is capable of simulating worldwide weather at resolutions as fine as 3.5 kilometers. This visualization shows global winds from a GEOS-5 simulation using 10-kilometer resolution. Surface winds (0 to 40 meters/second) are shown in white and trace features including Atlantic and Pacific cyclones. Upper-level winds (250 hectopascals) are colored by speed (0 to 175 meters/second), with red indicating faster. The complete 2-year “Nature Run” simulation—a computer model representation of Earth's atmosphere from basic inputs including observed sea-surface temperatures and surface emissions from biomass burning, volcanoes and anthropogenic sources—produces its own unique weather patterns including precipitation, aerosols and hurricanes. A follow-on Nature Run is simulating Earth’s atmosphere at 7 kilometers for 2 years and 3.5 kilometers for 3 months. Image Credit: William Putman/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center #nasa #earth #atmosphere #winds #climate #geo5 #volcanoes; -
As the #ISS reaches it's 15th anniversary (#ISS15), let's pause to reflect on the amazing accomplishments of living and working in space these last 15 years. Zarya, the first space station module, was launched aboard a Russian Proton rocket and placed into orbit on Nov. 20, 1998. Two years later the first crew would occupy the station which consisted of just three modules including Russia’s Zvezda service module and the United States’ Unity node. When Expedition 1 returned to Earth four months later the station had expanded to a fourth module, the U.S. Destiny laboratory, and its first solar array, the P6 truss structure, attached to Unity. Fast forward to today and you have the 38th crew to live and work continuously aboard the orbital laboratory. They are moving ahead with science to benefit life on Earth and in space. The six-member crew is also ensuring the station is operating in optimal shape and exercising to stay healthy during its long-term stay in space. The space station continues to provide a microgravity environment for researchers to conduct experiments in biology and biotechnology, human research, Earth and space science, physical science, and technology demonstrations, among a multitude of others, in what was only an engineering schematic just 15 years ago. In that time, space station educational activities on orbit have reached more than 42 million students across the globe. Further, the space station serves as a stepping-stone to deeper space exploration, demonstrating the essentials of long-term living in space. Thank you for celebrating 15 years of the International Space Station with us today. Image credit: NASA #nasa #space #spacestation #earth #humanoutpost #iss15 #birthday #astronauts #zarya #international #unity; -
With the #ISS15 anniversary today, let’s not forget what the space station (#ISS) is truly about: humans living off the planet. In this image, NASA astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson, Expedition 24 flight engineer, looks through a window in the Cupola of the International Space Station. A blue and white part of Earth and the blackness of space are visible through the windows. The image, taken on Sept. 11, 2010, was a self-portrait using natural light. The station is the centerpiece of our human spaceflight activities in low-Earth orbit. It is fully staffed with a crew of six, and American astronauts will continue to live and work there in space 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. It is a test bed for exploration technologies such as autonomous refueling of spacecraft, advanced life support systems and human/robotic interfaces. The station is the engineering test bed that enables us to prove the systems we need and deal with the crew health issues that must be solved for us to actually go beyond Earth for extended periods of time, when we eventually go to Mars and beyond. CREDIT: NASA #nasa #space #spacestation #earth #humanoutpost #iss15 #birthday #astronauts #zarya #roscosmos #international #unity #rsa; -
Celebrating #ISS15: Astronaut James H. Newman waves during a spacewalk preparing for release of the first combined #ISS elements. The Russian-built Zarya module, with its solar array panel visible here, was launched into orbit fifteen years ago on Nov. 20, 1998. Two weeks later, on Dec. 4, 1998, NASA's space shuttle Endeavour launched Unity, the first U.S. piece of the complex. During three spacewalks on the STS-88 mission, the two space modules built on opposite sides of the planet were joined together in space, making the space station truly international. Since that first meeting of Zarya and Unity, the space station grew piece by piece with additions from each of the international partners built across three continents and leading to the largest and most complex spacecraft ever constructed. The space station, now four times larger than Mir and five times larger than Skylab, represents a collaboration between NASA, Roscosmos, the European Space Agency, the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency and the Canadian Space Agency, representing 15 countries in all. CREDIT: NASA #nasa #space #iss #iss15 #spacestation #birthday #astronauts #zarya #roscosmos #international #unity #rsa; -
Celebrating 15 Years (#ISS15) Since the Sunrise: Two weeks after the Zarya was launched into orbit on Nov. 20, 1998, Endeavour launched Unity, the first U.S. piece of the complex, during the STS-88 mission. In this image, blanketing clouds form the backdrop for this 70mm scene of the connected Zarya and Unity modules after having been released from NASA’s space shuttle Endeavour's cargo bay a bit earlier. The two space modules built on opposite sides of the planet were joined together in space, making the space station truly international. The Russian Space Agency, now known as Roscosmos, launched a Proton rocket that lifted the pressurized module called Zarya, or “sunrise,” into orbit. This launch would truly be the dawn of the largest international cooperation effort in space to ever come to light. Zarya was the first piece of the International Space Station. Also known as the Functional Cargo Block (FGB), it would provide a nucleus of orientation control, communications and electrical power while the station waited for its other elements, including the Zvezda service module and Unity. CREDIT: NASA #nasa #space #iss #iss15 #spacestation #birthday #astronauts #zarya #roscosmos #international #unity #rsa;
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