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A bright light source and/or speckled background – such as the sun or moon – is necessary for visualizing aerodynamic flow phenomena generated by aircraft or other objects passing between the observer’s camera and the backdrop. This patent-pending method, made possible by improved image processing technology, is called Background-Oriented Schlieren using Celestial Objects, or BOSCO. Flow visualization is one of the fundamental tools of aeronautics research, and schlieren photography has been used for many years to visualize air density gradients caused by aerodynamic flow. Traditionally, this method has required complex and precisely aligned optics as well as a bright light source. Refracted light rays revealed the intensity of air density gradients around the test object, usually a model in a wind tunnel. Capturing schlieren images of a full-scale aircraft in flight was even more challenging due to the need for precise alignment of the plane with the camera and the sun. Using the solar disk as a backdrop, this image reveals details using a calcium-K optical filter. Researchers processed this image to reveal shock waves created by a supersonic T-38C. Credits: NASA #flynasa #nasa #airplanes #avgeek #tech #aircraft #nasaaero #aeronautics; -
Before drifting off to tonight, astronaut Scott Kelly (@stationcdrkelly) aboard the International Space Station posted this image and wrote, "Day 179. The #Nile at night is a beautiful sight for these sore eyes. Good night from @ISS! #YearInSpace." Kelly is living and working off the Earth, for the Earth aboard the station for a yearlong mission. Traveling the world about 250 miles above the Earth, and at 17,500 mph, he circumnavigates the globe more than a dozen times a day. Image Credit: NASA #nasa #space #iss #spacestation #earth; -
The latest images (as of Sept. 11, 2015) downloaded from NASA's New Horizons spacecraft were stitched together and rendered on a sphere to make this flyover. This animation, made with the LORRI (Long Range Reconnaissance Imager) images, begins with a low-altitude look at the informally named Norgay Montes, flies northward over the boundary between informally named Sputnik Planum and Cthulhu Regio, turns, and drifts slowly east. During the animation, the altitude of the observer rises until it is about 10 times higher to show about 80% of the hemisphere New Horizons flew closest to on July 14, 2015. Credit: NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI, Stuart Robbins #nasa #pluto #newhorizons #space #solarsystem #flyover; -
Clear Skies Over the United States : On Sept. 17, 2015, astronaut Scott Kelly captured images and video from the International Space Station during an early morning flyover of the United States. Sharing with his social media followers, Kelly wrote, "Clear skies over much of the USA today. #GoodMorning from @ISS! #YearInSpace." Tuesday, Sept. 15 marked the midpoint of the one-year mission to the space station for Kelly and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko. The average International Space Station expedition lasts four to six months. Research enabled by the one-year mission will help scientists better understand how the human body reacts and adapts to long-duration spaceflight. This knowledge is critical as NASA looks toward human missions deeper into the solar system, including to and from Mars, which could last 500 days or longer. Image Credit: NASA #nasa #iss #spacestation #space #journeytomars; -
A merger made in the stars! It is known today that merging galaxies play a large role in the evolution of galaxies and the formation of elliptical galaxies in particular. However there are only a few merging systems close enough to be observed in depth. The pair of interacting galaxies seen here is one of these systems. Observations show that both of the galaxies involved were about the same mass and collided about 700 million years ago. You can see clearly in this image the disturbed morphology, tails and loops characteristic of a post-merger. The clash of galaxies caused a rush of star formation and previous Hubble observations showed over 1,000 bright, young star clusters bursting to life at the heart of the galaxy pair. Image credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, Acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt #nasa #space #hst #hubble #hubble #galaxy #nasabeyond #astronomy #science;
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Pluto’s Majestic Mountains, Frozen Plains and Foggy Hazes: Just 15 minutes after its closest approach to Pluto on July 14, 2015, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft looked back toward the sun and captured this near-sunset view of the rugged, icy mountains and flat ice plains extending to Pluto’s horizon. The smooth expanse of the informally named icy plain Sputnik Planum (right) is flanked to the west (left) by rugged mountains up to 11,000 feet (3,500 meters) high, including the informally named Norgay Montes in the foreground and Hillary Montes on the skyline. To the right, east of Sputnik, rougher terrain is cut by apparent glaciers. The backlighting highlights over a dozen layers of haze in Pluto’s tenuous but distended atmosphere. The image was taken from a distance of 11,000 miles (18,000 kilometers) to Pluto; the scene is 780 miles (1,250 kilometers) wide. Credits: NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI #nasa #apl #space #solarsystem #pluto #plutoflyby #nasabeyond #newhorizons #science; -
The gravitational forces the moon and sun exert are responsible for Earth’s rising and falling tides. Earth’s gravity also exerts forces on the Moon in the form of solid body tides that distort its shape. The Moon is slowly receding away from Earth and forces build as the Moon’s tidal distortion diminishes with distance and its rotation period slows with time. These tidal forces combined with the shrinking of the Moon from cooling of its interior have influenced the pattern of orientations in the network of young fault scarps. A prominent lobate fault scarp in the Vitello Cluster is one of thousands discovered. This topography image shows a degraded crater has been uplift as the fault scarp has formed (blues are lower elevations and reds are higher elevations). Boulders in the crater have aligned in rows that parallel the orientation of the fault scarp. Credits: NASA/LRO/Arizona State University/Smithsonian Institution #nasa #moon #geology #nasabeyond #earth #gravity #sun science; -
Repost from @WhiteHouse: "Good night, Moon. Good night from @ISS!" —Astronaut Scott Kelly on July 2 Thanks for following today's @NASA Instagram takeover featuring photos from the first six months of @StationCDRKelly's #YearInSpace!; -
Repost from @WhiteHouse: Check out the American Flag seen on Flag Day, June 14, from the International Space Station's Cupola, the 360-degree Earth observation point. Research enabled by @StationCDRKelly's #YearInSpace on the @ISS will help scientists better understand how the human body reacts and adapts to long-duration spaceflight. This knowledge is critical as @NASA looks toward human missions deeper into the solar system, including to and from Mars, which could last 500 days or longer. It also carries potential benefits for humans on Earth, from helping patients recover after long periods of bed rest to improving monitoring for people whose bodies are unable to fight infections.; -
Repost from @WhiteHouse: "Another pass through #Aurora. The sun is very active today, apparently." —@StationCDRKelly on August 15 showing a photo of an aurora from the International Space Station The @ISS is a convergence of science, technology and human innovation that enables us to demonstrate new technologies and make research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. It has been continuously occupied since November 2000. Since then, it has been visited by more than 200 people and a variety of international and commercial spacecraft. The space station remains the springboard to @NASA's next giant leap in exploration, including future missions to Mars. #YearInSpace;
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Repost from @WhiteHouse: Here's a photo of @StationCDRKelly aboard the International Space Station that's never been seen before on @Instagram! @NASA hopes that the knowledge gained on Astronaut Scott Kelly's #YearInSpace mission on the @ISS will benefit the Earth and that the data collected will help send humans to new destinations, supporting the next generation of space exploration. That's why to add in another dynamic to the mission: researchers are conducting “twin studies” between Scott and his brother @ShuttleCDRKelly comparing the subtle effects and changes between spaceflight and Earth. Scott and Mark Kelly are twin brothers with almost identical genetics, but they'll be in different environments for one year.; -
Repost from @WhiteHouse: "#GoodMorning to those in the western #USA. Looks like there's a lot going on down there." —@StationCDRKelly on August 10th Today marks the midpoint of Astronaut Scott Kelly's #YearInSpace aboard the International Space Station. Almost everything we know about living in space ends at six months, so as he heads into the second half of his mission, he's pushing the edge of our scientific understanding. Follow along today as @NASA takes over our account with photos from the first half of Scott's #YearInSpace on the @ISS.; -
Artist concept of an auroral display on a brown dwarf: Mysterious objects called brown dwarfs are sometimes called "failed stars." They are too small to fuse hydrogen in their cores, the way most stars do, but also too large to be classified as planets. But a new study in the journal Nature suggests they succeed in creating powerful auroral displays, similar to the kind seen around the magnetic poles on Earth. If you could see an aurora on a brown dwarf, it would be a million times brighter than an aurora on Earth. Credits: Chuck Carter and Gregg Hallinan/Caltech (Artist Concept) #nasa #star #aurora #nasabeyond #science @nasajpl; -
Rocks Here Sequester Some of Mars' Early Atmosphere This view combines information from two instruments on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to map color-coded composition over the shape of the ground in a small portion of the Nili Fossae plains region of Mars' northern hemisphere. This site is part of the largest known carbonate-rich deposit on Mars. In the color coding used for this map, green indicates a carbonate-rich composition, brown indicates olivine-rich sands, and purple indicates basaltic composition. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere on early Mars reacted with surface rocks to form carbonate, thinning the atmosphere by sequestering the carbon in the rocks. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/JHUAPL/Univ. of Arizona #mars #surface #planets #solarsystem #nasa #space #mro #redplanet #nofilter; -
The arrangement of the spiral arms in the galaxy Messier 63, seen here in an image from the Hubble Space Telescope, recall the pattern at the center of a sunflower. So the nickname for this cosmic object — the Sunflower Galaxy — is no coincidence. Galactic arms, sunflowers and whirlpools are only a few examples of nature’s apparent preference for spirals. For galaxies like Messier 63 the winding arms shine bright because of the presence of recently formed, blue–white giant stars and clusters, readily seen in this Hubble image. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA #nasa #hubble #space #sunflower #galaxy;
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